● 12.29.11
●● Cablegate: Examples of Indonesia Developing Free/Open Source Software
Posted in Asia, Cablegate, Free/Libre Software at 6:48 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Summary: Two cables showing the use of Free software in Indonesia “in order to reduce dependence on proprietary systems.”
IN PREVIOUS posts about Indonesia we showed some good news but also a fair deal of mischief from Microsoft. In reverse-chronological order:
Cablegate: Microsoft Attacks Free/Open Source Software in Indonesian Government With ‘Piracy’ Claims and a Secret 80% Discount, Breaks 1999 Monopolies LawCablegate: With Microsoft Front Group Taking on Indonesia, a Call for Open Source Software AdoptionCablegate: Bill Gates Uses AIDS to Bring Microsoft Windows to Indonesia at Expense of Linux-based OLPC (Updated)OpenDocument Format in Indonesia and OOXML in CourtIndonesia is Moving to OpenDocument Format (ODF)Will Microsoft Sign an MOU with Indonesia?
According to the following couple of Cablegate cables, “The Head of the Information and Computer Systems Division of Indonesia’s Agency for Technology Research and Application (BPPT) announced that BPPT is developing several computer applications using Free open source Software (FOSS) in order to reduce dependence on proprietary systems. Applications currently in development include e-office (Kantaya), e-learning (Kutahu), and Local Management Information System (Simda) software. BPPT is assisting several local governments (Jembrana, Pekalongan, Banyuwangi, Kuala Kapuas and Sawah Lunto) to implement FOSS-based applications. By 2014, BPPT plans to develop FOSS-based applications for computer driver and kernel technologies, mining data programs, Indonesian language processing, simulation and computerization.” In another cable (the second one) it says that “the international community has developed GIS applications using free open source software for use by countries such as Indonesia. Around 30 participants with key disaster mitigation responsibilities in the Indonesian government took part in the training.”
>
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 JAKARTA 001243
SIPDIS
DEPT FOR EAP/MTS, OES/ETC, OES/STC, OES/SAT, OES/PCI
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: SENV [Environmental Affairs], TPHY [Physical Sciences], TBIO [Biological and Medical Science], TRGY [Energy Technology], ENRG [Energy and Power], ID [Indonesia]
SUBJECT: INDONESIA ESTH HIGHLIGHTS: MAY 2008
IN THIS ISSUE
-------------
-- Government Phasing out Large-Scale AC Units
-- Papua Signs USD30 Million Forest Carbon Deal
-- Reclamation for an Integrated New City in Tangerang
-- Oil Palm Threatens Sentarum Lake National Park
-- Orangutans Close to Extinction
-- Rare Javan Rhino Caught on Video
-- Sumatran Tiger Population Critical
-- Legal Reform Initiative Seeks to Protect Habitat for Orangutans
-- Mangrove Planting in Surabaya
-- Lax Enforcement and High Waste Treatment Costs Blamed for
Continued Dumping
-- Mushroom Farmers Switch from Kerosene to Firewood
-- BPPT Developing Open Source Software
-- Nuclear Technology in High School Curriculum
-- Tackling HIV Infection Rates Among Surabaya's Children
-- No Blood Transfusion Facilities in Half of Country
ENVIRONMENT:
Government Phasing out Large-Scale AC Units
-------------------------------------------
¶1. According to Tri Widayati, Director of Ozone Protection of the
State Ministry of Environment (MOE), most operators of
industrial-size chilling/air-conditioning units will have replaced
those units with new ones that use environmentally friendly Freon,
such as hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) 123 and hydrofluorocarbon
(HFC) 134, by the end of June 2008. The MOE says that only 400
large-scale AC units remain in operation. The Government of
Indonesia (GOI) banned the further importation of chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC) 11 and CFC 12 after January 1, 2008 to meet its obligations
under the Montreal Protocol. This will lead to a gradual phase-out
of older AC units. The MOE is helping to provide soft loans to
companies to finance the replacement of older units. The Ministry
is also working with voluntary associations to disseminate
information to the public about the transition process.
Papua Signs USD30 Million Forest Carbon Deal
--------------------------------------------
¶2. Papua has signed a carbon deal worth up to USD 30 million for
100,000 hectares of forestland. On May 13, Governor of Papua
Barnabas Suebu signed a Memorandum of Understanding with New Forests
Asset Management (NFAM) Pty Ltd. During the following two months,
NFAM and the Papua Provincial Government will do a preliminary
survey to identify three locations for this carbon project. At the
end of 2008, Papua will receive USD 10 million of guaranteed revenue
for the first five years and receive dividends totaling up to USD 20
million over the same period. NFAM is collaborating with Generation
Investment Management, owned by former U.S. Vice President Al Gore.
Tangerang Plans New Integrated City on Reclaimed Land
--------------------------------------------- --------
¶3. On May 15, Head of Tangerang Land Use Office Didin Samsudin
confirmed that Tangerang Regency would reclaim 9,000 hectares of its
northern coastal areas for a planned new "integrated" city. The
Tangerang Regent has already issued Local Regulation (Perda) No. 8
of 2007 on Reclamation. This new development will contain hotels, a
marina, a business center, residential areas, and an integrated
container terminal and port. The new city will cover approximately
8,000 hectares and cost Rp. 20 trillion or USD 1.3 billion.
Tangerang is about 21 km from Jakarta.
Oil Palm Threatens Sentarum Lake National Park
--------------------------------------------- -
¶4. Budi Suriansyah, the Head of Danau Sentarum National Park, says
that the palm oil plantation in the Kapuas Hulu region of West
Kalimantan threaten the 132,000-hectare park's ecosystem, which is
dependent on Betung Kerihun National Park. The development of palm
oil plantations as well as illegal logging is causing water
pollution, and local fishers are finding it increasingly difficult
to find local endemic fish such as jelawat and arwana. There are 11
palm oil plantation companies and 9 subsidiaries of PT Sinar Mas,
operating on 160 thousand hectares in areas bordering Betung Kerihun
National Park.
Orangutans Close to Extinction
------------------------------
¶5. On May 8, the Executive Director of the Center for Orangutan
Protection (COP) stated that, based on a COP study in Central
JAKARTA 00001243 002 OF 004
Kalimantan, orangutans will disappear from the region within 2-3
years. The investigation found 242 palm oil plantations with
activities that having an impact on orangutans and their habitat.
According to COP, these companies include members of the Roundtable
on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), such as Wilmar, IOI and Agro Group.
In 2004, a Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA)
reported that there were 58,575 orangutans left in Borneo, with an
annual decrease in population of 9 percent leading to extinction by
2015. Darori, Director General for Forest Protection and Nature
Conservation, is skeptical of the investigation's projections, and
emphasizes that the government will not allow the conversion of
natural forest to other purposes such as palm oil cultivation.
Rare Javan Rhino Caught on Video
--------------------------------
¶6. At the end of May, a video recorder installed by Ujung Kulon
National Park and the World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia
(WWF-Indonesia) caught footage of the extremely rare Javan
Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus). Speaking about the incident on
May 29, Agus Priambudi, Head of Ujung Kulon National Park, said the
recording would help researchers and conservationists learn more
about the Javan rhino's behavior, as well as assist efforts to
reduce threats to the remaining population. The Java rhino is the
rarest among five rhino species in the world. There are only an
estimated 50-60 Java rhinos in Ujung Kulon National Park. The Java
rhino is on the International Union for Nature Conservation's "Red
List" of endangered species.
Sumatran Tiger Population Critical
----------------------------------
¶7. On May 25, the Coalition for Protected Animal Monitoring stated
that there were approximately 250 Sumatran tigers (panthera tigris
Sumatrae) left in the wild. The decrease in this species'
population is due to hunting, conflict with humans, and illegal
logging and land clearing leading to the fragmentation of its
habitat. Poachers hunt the animal for its skin, bones, fang/tooth
and claws. Tiger skins sell for approximately 3-5 million Rupiah
(USD 322-537) apiece in local markets and up to USD 3,300 in
international markets. Although Law No. 5 of 1990 on Natural
Resources Conservation and Ecosystem protects this species,
enforcement of the law is weak.
Legal Reform Initiative Seeks to Protect Habitat for Orangutans
----------------------------------------
¶8. The Orangutan Conservation Services Program (OCSP) and Wildlife
Conservation Society (WCS) launched a media campaign in late May, to
commemorate World Environment Day, in order to draw attention to the
urgency of legal protection for orangutan habitat and to support
survival of orangutans in the wild. WCS is spearheading a policy
reform effort that seeks to protect habitat of endangered species
from conversion to non-forest land uses. In Indonesia today, it is
illegal to kill an orangutan but it is still legal to convert the
little remaining orangutan habitat to non-forest uses. Habitat
conversion effectively eliminates whole populations of orangutans
and other critically endangered species as their habitat becomes
fragmented and deforested.
Mangrove Planting in Surabaya
-----------------------------
¶9. On May 11, people from various organizations planted 8,000
mangroves along the seashore at Wonorejo in eastern Surabaya.
Wonorejo is poised to become a center for mangrove research,
cultivation, and tourism. The Surabaya city government is actively
restoring mangrove forests in eastern Surabaya. Illegal logging has
destroyed at least 40 percent of a total 6,000 hectares of mangrove
forest near Wonorejo. According to the head of Wonorejo Mangrove
Farming Association, various groups in eastern Surabaya have planted
at least 25,000 more mangrove trees this year than last year.
Unfortunately, last year's mangroves were poorly protected. For
example, 4,000 mangroves planted in the Kenjeran beach area in
January had died by the end of May, due to high ocean waves and poor
treatment.
Lax Enforcement and High Waste Treatment Costs Blamed for Continued
Dumping
------------------------------------
¶10. At least 16 companies in East Java have disposed of industrial
waste in the Brantas River through underground pipelines or during
the heavy rainy season through open ditches. The companies have
waste treatment facilities but prefer to cut costs by dumping
untreated waste, according to Purnawan, a lecturer at Brawijaya
University and a member of East Java Walhi, an environmental NGO.
JAKARTA 00001243 003 OF 004
The phenol content of industrial waste these companies are dumping
in the Brantas is dangerously high, according to Purnawan. Just
three hours south of Surabaya in Malang, waste from paper and
cassava-processing plants has reportedly resulted in serious
pollution and a major fish kill in the lake behind the Sutami Dam.
Local media report that Malang's city government is reluctant to
take action as paper factories are a major contributor to regional
revenue.
Mushroom Farmers Switch from Kerosene to Firewood
--------------------------------------------- ----
¶11. Mushroom farmers in Karawang, West Java, are switching from
kerosene to firewood because of the high cost and scarcity of
kerosene. Mushroom farmers use fuel to boil water and use the
evaporated water to regulate the level of humidity required for
mushroom growth. Kerosene's retail cost has increased from 2,310
Rupiah (USD 0.25) to between 2,500-3,000 Rupiah (USD 0.27-0.32),
making the price of firewood relatively cheaper. During a planting
period of one month, the farmers require on average 80-120 liters of
kerosene or three cubic meters of firewood. With the current
kerosene price, the farmers' production costs are between
200,000-300,000 Rupiah, but only 150,000 Rupiah if using firewood.
Besides the shift by many farmers to firewood, others have closed
down their mushroom production houses altogether.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY:
BPPT Developing Open Source Software
------------------------------------
¶12. The Head of the Information and Computer Systems Division of
Indonesia's Agency for Technology Research and Application (BPPT)
announced that BPPT is developing several computer applications
using Free Open Source Software (FOSS) in order to reduce dependence
on proprietary systems. Applications currently in development
include e-office (Kantaya), e-learning (Kutahu), and Local
Management Information System (Simda) software. BPPT is assisting
several local governments (Jembrana, Pekalongan, Banyuwangi, Kuala
Kapuas and Sawah Lunto) to implement FOSS-based applications. By
2014, BPPT plans to develop FOSS-based applications for computer
driver and kernel technologies, mining data programs, Indonesian
language processing, simulation and computerization.
Nuclear Education in High School Curriculum
-------------------------------------------
¶13. On May 2, Dr. Taswanda Taryo, Deputy Chairman for R&D
Productivity and Public Acceptance of Nuclear Science and
Technology, BATAN (National Nuclear Energy Agency), announced plans
for a program to include education on nuclear technology in school
curricula, especially high schools. Eko Madi, Head of the
Subdivision for Nuclear Energy Science and Technology Dissemination,
BATAN, explained that BATAN and the Ministry of Education would
establish an expert team to begin drafting physics, chemistry, and
biology curricula on nuclear technology. In addition, BATAN is
conducting outreach to educate teachers, students, and NGOs about
nuclear technology. BATAN will also establish three Centers for
Nuclear Education and Information, including one in Jepara (Central
Java), which is close to Muria Bay, the location for a proposed
nuclear plant.
HEALTH:
Tackling HIV Infection Rates Among Surabaya's Children
--------------------------------------------- ---------
¶14. The Surabaya City Health Department announced that 37 babies in
Surabaya contracted HIV/AIDS between January and March 2008. At a
workshop on HIV/AIDS, Surabaya's Vice Mayor, Arief Afandi, confirmed
that HIV/AIDS cases are spreading in all 31 districts in Surabaya.
The Surabaya City government will take a new approach to the problem
by training students to be HIV/AIDS cadre who will provide
information and training to their peers. The Surabaya City
government will also involve more children and students in future
HIV/AIDS workshops. So far, it has selected 10 junior high schools
and 10 senior high/vocational schools in Surabaya as HIV/AIDS test
sites for this campaign.
No Blood Transfusion Facilities in Half of Country
--------------------------------------------- ----
¶15. During a public hearing before the Jakarta regional parliament
on May 12, Dr. Ratna Rosita, Director of Basic Medical Services and
Nutrition of the Ministry of Health, stated that Indonesia lacks
Blood Transfusion Units (UTDs) in 226 regions. Ministry of Health
statistics (2006) show that only 231 of 457 regencies/cities in
JAKARTA 00001243 004 OF 004
Indonesia have UTDs, including those operated by the Indonesian Red
Cross (PMI), provincial governments and hospitals. PMI's Chairman
Mari'e Muhammad and Adang Dorodjatun, Chairman of Indonesia Blood
Donors, also attended the public hearing. PMI currently has 212
UTDs, of which 24 percent are located within hospitals and 76
percent outside of hospitals.
HUME
Here is the second cable.
>
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 JAKARTA 003185
SIPDIS
SIPDIS
DEPT FOR EAP/MTS AND OES/ETC
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: SENV [Environmental Affairs], TPHY [Physical Sciences], TBIO [Biological and Medical Science], TRGY [Energy Technology], ENRG [Energy and Power], ID [Indonesia]
SUBJECT: INDONESIA ESTH HIGHLIGHTS: AUGUST - OCTOBER 2007
¶1. Summary: The Indonesian Supreme Court hosted a judiciary workshop
on wildlife crime and prosecution under the ASEAN Wildlife
Enforcement Network (WEN) program in August. The Vice Governor of
Jakarta announced on September 27 that Jakarta could potentially
receive $2 million in funding from developed countries under the
Kyoto Protocol if it can reduce its CO2 emissions. A 2007 survey
found that despite overall decreases in other parts of the island,
Sumatran rhino populations in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
and Way Kambas National Park in Lampung increased by up to 30
animals. On September 29, Vice President Yusuf Kalla announced that
starting in 2008, Indonesia would increase its reforestation target
from 1 million to 2 million hectares per year. On September 25, the
Head of Forest Office of West Papua said that the Governors of Papua
and West Papua provinces would release a joint decree to ban log
exports from Papua. The State Ministry of Environment announced on
September 15 that it aims to phase out imports of ozone-depleting
substances by the end of 2007 as set in the Montreal Protocol. On
October 7, Customs officials successfully foiled efforts to smuggle
70 rare animals through Soekarno-Hatta Airport in Jakarta. The
State Ministry for Research and Technology and the United Nations
Development Programme conducted a "Train the Trainer" session on
open-source geographic information system software in Jakarta on
October 22-27. On October 3, the Jakarta provincial government
granted Rp 40 billion ($4.4 million) to improve health and education
services in eight of its satellite cities. At a ceremony to
commemorate World Sight Day, the Ministry of Health (MOH) announced
that it would increase its focus on reducing the numbers of
vision-impaired children. Several residents of Wolotau Village in
the Kota Baru sub-district of the Ende Regency were stricken with
anthrax after eating contaminated buffalo meat in mid-October. The
Anak Krakatau, or "Child of Krakatau" Volcano, began spitting out
flaming rocks and smoke in late October. On October 23, the WWF
Program Coordinator for West Kalimantan Hermayani Putera announced
that poachers had smuggled rare plant species including orchids and
nepenthes (also known as tropical pitcher plants) from Kalimantan to
Malaysia. End Summary
Indonesia Hosts ASEAN WEN Judiciary Training
--------------------------------------------- ---
¶2. The Indonesian Supreme Court hosted a judiciary workshop on
wildlife crime and prosecution under the ASEAN WEN program in August
in Jakarta. The two-day workshop brought together representatives
from Indonesia's judicial sector and focused on prosecution,
investigation, Indonesian laws governing protection of wild animals
and plants, local and trans-national cooperation with other
agencies, and ASEAN-wide initiatives on Mutual Legal Assistance.
Judicial officers from Thailand, Malaysia and the United States
joined the event in order to share best practices and increase
international cooperation to fight trans-national criminals involved
in the wildlife trade. Indonesia plans a follow-up training for the
national police in February 2008.
Jakarta May Be Eligible for Funding for CO2 Reduction
--------------------------------------------- --------
¶3. On September 27, Vice Governor of Jakarta Fauzi Wibowo announced
that Jakarta could potentially receive $2 million in funding from
developed countries under the Kyoto Protocol if it can reduce its
CO2 emissions. To be eligible for the funding, Jakarta would have to
meet United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) certification
requirements. Fauzi stated that the Jakarta administration is
implementing a clean air project to try to meet the UNEP standards.
Dollaris R. Suhadi, Project Manager of the Clean Air Project,
explained that achieving UNEP certification will take up to a year
of research and between $500,000 and $1 million in funding. Jakarta
officials are optimistic that the city will be able to meet UNEP
requirements, citing for example that since the city's bus ways
became operational in 2004-2005, the total number of private
vehicles on the road has decreased by 14%.
Survey Shows Sumatran Rhino Population on the Rise
--------------------------------------------- -----
¶4. A 2007 survey conducted by the Rhino Protection Unit (RPU) and
Yayasan Badak Indonesia found that despite overall decreases in
other parts of the island, Sumatran rhino populations in Bukit
Barisan Selatan National Park and Way Kambas National Park in
Lampung increased by between 24 and 30 animals (to a total of 60 and
85 in each park, respectively). Coordinator of the RPU Arief
Rubiyanto stated the increase was unexpected, considering the many
threats to the rare animals from poachers and territorial
encroachment due to illegal logging and forest conversion
activities. RPU patrolling activities in both parks and the curbing
of poaching contributed to the improved numbers. In recognition of
JAKARTA 00003185 002 OF 003
his efforts, Rubiyanto received the Disney Conservation Award from
the Walt Disney Corporation.
Indonesia Reforestation Target Raised to 2 Million Hectares Per
Year
--------------------------------------------- ------
¶5. On September 29, Vice President Yusuf Kalla announced that
starting in 2008, Indonesia would increase its reforestation target
from 1 million to 2 million hectares per year. Kalla added that the
international community could not blame Indonesia for cutting its
forests in the past, since timber consuming countries such as the
U.S., Japan and Korea invested in the concession business. Note:
Although the central government's sets the target, responsibility
for implementation falls to the regional governments, who may face
difficulty meeting the increased level.
Papua Provincial Government Bans Log Exports
--------------------------------------------- ----
¶6. On September 25, the Head of Forest Office of West Papua
Province said that the Governor of Papua Barnabas Suebu and Governor
of West Papua Abraham O. Atururi would release a joint decree to ban
log exports from Papua. The Papuan administration wants to push
investors to open wood processing facilities in Papua rather than
shipping logs out from Papua. There are currently 25 concessions
within a 4.6 million hectare area, while there is only one wood
processing facility, which is located in Sorong. The Papuan
government will implement the ban incrementally, beginning with a
moratorium on 30 percent of log exports. TIME magazine highlighted
Governor Suebu in October as an environmental hero for his
conservation efforts.
Government to Halt Ozone-Depleting Imports
-------------------------------------------
¶7. The State Ministry of Environment announced on September 15 that
it aims to phase out imports of ozone-depleting substances by the
end of 2007 as set in the Montreal Protocol. The Ministry said that
as of August, imports of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for the year had
reached 193 metric tons, down from 2,331 metric tons in 2006.
Officials stated that the ministry had phased out the use of 1,209
metric tons of CFCs from several sectors in 2006 and would eliminate
use of CFCs from the industrial sector by June 2008.
Indonesian Customs Officials Foil Animal Smugglers
--------------------------------------------- ------
¶8. On October 7, Customs officials successfully foiled efforts to
smuggle 70 rare animals through Soekarno-Hatta Airport in Jakarta.
The Ministry of Finance's Investigation and Enforcement Section
reported that Indonesian citizen Jonathan Leo Nardha had tried to
smuggle the rare animals in speaker boxes. Nardha was transporting
the animals from Malaysia for Indonesian customers in Jakarta.
Disaster Data Base Training Conducted in Jakarta
--------------------------------------------- -----
¶9. The State Ministry for Research and Technology and the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) conducted a "Train the Trainer"
session on open-source geographic information system (GIS) software
in Jakarta on October 22-27. Francis Sarmiento III, Project Officer
for the UNDP's ASEAN Plus Three Sub-regional Node International Open
Source Network, explained that Indonesia needed good, efficient,
effective and fast local and national databases and information
systems to anticipate and manage natural disasters. Sarmiento
explained that database and GIS implementation using closed software
sources is difficult for developing countries due budget
limitations. To address this challenge, the international community
has developed GIS applications using free open source software for
use by countries such as Indonesia. Around 30 participants with key
disaster mitigation responsibilities in the Indonesian government
took part in the training.
Jakarta Grants Funding for Health Services
-------------------------------------------
¶10. On October 3, the Jakarta provincial government granted Rp 40
billion ($4.4 million) to improve health and education services in
eight of its satellite cities. The grant would support efforts to
establish community health centers and reduce the number of
outbreaks of communal diseases. The grant includes the surrounding
cities of Bogor, Depok, Bekasi and Cianjur in West java Province, as
well as Tangerang in Banten.
JAKARTA 00003185 003 OF 003
GOI Seeks to Reduce Vision Impaired Numbers
--------------------------------------------
¶11. At a ceremony to commemorate World Sight Day, the Ministry of
Health (MOH) announced that it would increase its focus on reducing
the numbers of visually impaired children. The MOH has conducted
several programs under this initiative, including preventative
measures through early detection of blindness in community health
centers, provision of vitamin A supplements to combat deficiencies
that raise the risk of blindness, and subsidies for regular exams
and eyeglasses for poorer families. The MOH has established a
national commission to tackle blindness and other sight disorders.
Anthrax attacks villagers in East Nusa Tenggara
--------------------------------------------- ---
¶12. The Head of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Sub Office of Veterinary
of Livestock Office, Maria Geong, reported on October 30 that
several residents of Wolotau Village in the Kota Baru sub-district
of the Ende Regency were stricken with anthrax after eating
contaminated buffalo meat. Around 20 villagers were in critical
condition and hospitalized. Geong instructed the Health and
Livestock Offices to isolate the area, and the Ende Health Office
sent medical teams to the village to support the effort. Ende
Regency has been an endemic anthrax area since 1994, where anthrax
spores can live up to 60 years.
Anak Krakatau Volcano Spits Flames
-----------------------------------
¶13. The Anak Krakatau, or "Child of Krakatau" Volcano, began
spitting out flaming rocks and smoke in late October. Saut
Simatupang of Indonesia's Center for Vulcanology and Geological
Hazard Mitigation predicted that the volcano would continue to
rumble for some time but posed little danger to the area. Anak
Krakatau sits in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra.
"Nepenthes" Flies from Kalimantan
---------------------------------
¶14. On October 23, the WWF Program Coordinator for West Kalimantan
Hermayani Putera announced that poachers had smuggled rare plant
species including orchids and nepenthes (also known as tropical
pitcher plants) from Kalimantan to Malaysia. They hunted the plants
in the Meratus Mountain area and the Hampangin Forest, located in
the Katingan Ilir Sub-district of Katinan Regency (approximately 40
miles from Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan). Demand for these
species has increased in Malaysia, leading to an increase in
poaching in Indonesia. The Indonesian Orchid Association expressed
worry that these activities are threatening the sustainability of
the species. Malaysian consumers allegedly pay local people to
collect the rare and protected plants in Kalimantan's forests for
sale. One pot of Nepenthes is worth Rp 20,000 (approximately
$2.00), and the price for a Black Orchid ranges from Rp 45,000 to Rp
75,000 (approximately $4.80 to $8.10). To minimize the threat of
poaching, the West Kalimantan Natural Resources Conservation Office
has trained local residents to develop nurseries for the endangered
plants.
HUME
The story of Indonesia is an interesting one especially because of Microsoft’s response to ODF and FOSS adoption. It’s not unique to Indonesia and we have some antitrust material to show how Microsoft systematically identifies and then attacks deployments of FOSS. █
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