Statistics on the Gemini space

This page presents some statistics on the current state of the Gemini space. It has been updated on 2025-12-13 04:04:00Z.

It cannot claim to represent the entire space. The real number of URIs is certainly higher. There are several reasons why many URIs are not in the database:

the capsule may forbid retrieval, through robots.txt,
we do not know all the URIs and some cannot be found from the ones we know,
Lupa has a maximum number of URIs per capsule, to save resources (currently 10000).

On this page, "working" means there was a successful connection recently. "recently" means "less than 31 days". "Dead" URLs and capsules are removed after 46 days and no longer appear in any statistics.

Currently, our database includes 532,609 URIs, 376,534 of them having been checked successfully (status code 20) and recently. Among the recently accessed, 288,493 URIs serve a Gemini content.

Resources

The average size of the resources is 37,316 bytes.

Quantiles

10% of the resources are 300 bytes or less,
20% of the resources are 692 bytes or less,
30% of the resources are 1,109 bytes or less,
40% of the resources are 1,533 bytes or less,
50% of the resources are 2,332 bytes or less, MEDIAN
60% of the resources are 3,918 bytes or less,
70% of the resources are 6,792 bytes or less,
80% of the resources are 15,100 bytes or less,
90% of the resources are 51,490 bytes or less,
100% of the resources are 4,156,230 bytes or less.

# Quantiles only for Gemini pages

10% of the resources are 266 bytes or less,
20% of the resources are 526 bytes or less,
30% of the resources are 891 bytes or less,
40% of the resources are 1,236 bytes or less,
50% of the resources are 1,533 bytes or less, MEDIAN
60% of the resources are 2,295 bytes or less,
70% of the resources are 3,528 bytes or less,
80% of the resources are 5,989 bytes or less,
90% of the resources are 10,190 bytes or less,
100% of the resources are 4,156,230 bytes or less.

Ranges

Less than 10 bytes: 1205 URLs (0.32 %)
10 to 100 bytes: 10006 URLs (2.7 %)
100 to 1000 bytes: 90601 URLs (24.1 %)
1 to 10 kbytes: 184836 URLs (49.1 %)
10 to 100 kbytes: 65521 URLs (17.4 %)
100 to 1000 kbytes: 19159 URLs (5.1 %)
More than 1000 kbytes: 5207 URLs (1.38 %)

Most common media (MIME) types

text/gemini: 288,505 URLs
image/jpeg: 22,889 URLs
text/plain: 19,050 URLs
image/png: 17,717 URLs
image/webp: 7,512 URLs
application/octet-stream: 4,358 URLs
application/pdf: 2,826 URLs
image/gif: 2,188 URLs
octet/stream: 1,954 URLs
application/x-mscardfile: 1,926 URLs
text/html: 1,365 URLs
text/markdown: 877 URLs
application/zip: 749 URLs
audio/mpeg: 694 URLs
application/atom+xml: 562 URLs
text/xml: 434 URLs
application/json: 413 URLs
audio/ogg: 290 URLs
audio/midi: 246 URLs
application/xml: 223 URLs

Most common languages

Unspecified: 267,389 URLs
en: 69,071 URLs
fr: 12,390 URLs
de: 10,827 URLs
it: 7,236 URLs
es: 6,948 URLs
es_ar: 1,239 URLs
ru: 473 URLs
en_au: 252 URLs
sv: 118 URLs
gl: 62 URLs
fr,it: 47 URLs
pl_pl: 44 URLs
en_us: 43 URLs
ko: 40 URLs
sco,gd,it,en: 38 URLs
ro: 37 URLs
he: 36 URLs
pl,en,se: 34 URLs
pt: 33 URLs

Most common encodings ("charsets") for all files

(Remember there exists testing capsules, with very exotic encodings, so don't be surprised by some strange ones.)

Unspecified: 314,185 URLs
utf-8: 62,125 URLs
binary: 157 URLs
us-ascii: 75 URLs
iso-8859-1: 5 URLs
gzip: 2 URLs
xz: 1 URLs

Most common encodings for gemtext files only

Unspecified: 235,377 URLs
utf-8: 53,124 URLs
iso-8859-1: 5 URLs
us-ascii: 1 URLs

By the way, 73 of recently tested URLs (0.017 %) have a wrong encoding (it does not match the actual content).

Status codes

(Remember there are test capsules with funny status codes, to exercice Gemini clients.)

20 (Success): 376,551 occurrences (92.57 %)
51 (Not found): 12,249 occurrences (3.01 %)
52 (Gone with the wind): 9,721 occurrences (2.39 %)
10 (Input request): 2,513 occurrences (0.62 %)
60 (Client certificate request): 2,452 occurrences (0.60 %)
30 (Temporary redirect): 1,142 occurrences (0.28 %)
40 (Temporary failure): 692 occurrences (0.17 %)
42 (CGI error): 612 occurrences (0.15 %)
53 (Proxy request refused): 496 occurrences (0.12 %)
31 (Permanent redirect): 187 occurrences (0.05 %)
50 (Permanent failure): 103 occurrences (0.03 %)
59 (Bad request): 31 occurrences (0.01 %)

Links

(We count only backlinks from external capsules, and at most one link per capsule. Also, we exclude links from capsules like search engines or directories.)

Maximum number of incoming links: 275

Average number of incoming links: 0.31

Capsules

There are 4607 capsules. We successfully connected recently to 3218 of them.

Most common capsules by number of working URLs

We have a limit of 10000 URLs per capsule.

gemini.oxydable.fr: 10000 URLs
gemini.conman.org: 10000 URLs
gemini.tuxmachines.org: 10000 URLs
gemini.kpopify.me: 10000 URLs
gemini.techrights.org: 10000 URLs
dvd.flounder.online: 9998 URLs
gemlog.stargrave.org: 9998 URLs
fumble-around.mediocregopher.com: 9996 URLs
blitter.com: 9995 URLs
gmi.noulin.net: 9992 URLs
caiofior.pollux.casa: 9991 URLs
bbs.geminispace.org: 9933 URLs
gemini.autonomy.earth: 9819 URLs
gemlog.blue: 9814 URLs
auragem.ddns.net: 9747 URLs
gemini.knusbaum.com: 9734 URLs
ecs.d2evs.net: 9599 URLs
eir.mooo.com: 9417 URLs
federal.cx: 8988 URLs
gemini.tcrouzet.com: 7956 URLs

Most common capsules by number of bytes in working URLs

We have a limit of bytes per URL.

Not properly documented yet

higeki.jp: 1434.6 megabytes
gem.librehacker.com: 1039.8 megabytes
gael.mooo.com: 749.3 megabytes
blitter.com: 687.1 megabytes
mirrors.apple2.org.za: 660.9 megabytes
dfdn.info: 596.0 megabytes
going-flying.com: 446.6 megabytes
gemini.tcrouzet.com: 415.2 megabytes
nytpu.com: 363.4 megabytes
ecs.d2evs.net: 320.1 megabytes
gemini.kpopify.me: 310.6 megabytes
uscoffings.net: 276.1 megabytes
8by3.net: 242.3 megabytes
gem.ortie.org: 228.9 megabytes
library.inu.red: 223.3 megabytes
gemini.techrights.org: 174.5 megabytes
techrights.org: 168.2 megabytes
gem.sdf.org: 165.6 megabytes
gemini.circumlunar.space: 163.3 megabytes
villastraylight.online: 158.6 megabytes
158.nu: 153.9 megabytes

All working capsules:

As a text file

As a gemtext, with links

Certificates

2947 (91.6 %) capsules are self-signed, 5 (0.2 %) use the Certificate Authority Let's Encrypt, 266 (8.3 %) are signed by another CA (may be not a trusted one).

86 capsules (2.71 %) have an expired certificate.

Algorithms:

ecdsa-with-SHA256: 2007 capsules
sha256WithRSAEncryption: 1080 capsules
ecdsa-with-SHA384: 78 capsules
ED25519: 25 capsules
ecdsa-with-SHA512: 3 capsules
sha512WithRSAEncryption: 2 capsules

Key types:

ECDSA: 2088 capsules
RSA: 1082 capsules
ED25519: 25 capsules

Key sizes for RSA:

2048: 796 capsules
4096: 281 capsules
3072: 3 capsules
1024: 2 capsules

Key sizes for ECDSA:

256: 2026 capsules
384: 61 capsules
521: 1 capsules

TLS

99 % of the capsules use TLS 1.3, 1 % use TLS 1.2.

robots.txt

313 (10 %) the capsules have a robots.txt exclusion file.

Ports

21 working capsules (0.7 %) use an alternative port

Addresses

914 IP addresses used. 21 % are IPv6.

# Addresses with most virtual hosts

173.230.145.243: 1047 vhosts
72.65.51.74: 539 vhosts
213.219.38.200: 328 vhosts
46.23.81.157: 141 vhosts
2a03:6000:1813:1337::157: 121 vhosts
86.194.163.71: 43 vhosts
109.237.26.252: 34 vhosts
45.56.93.217: 21 vhosts
172.236.4.52: 18 vhosts
128.140.115.191: 16 vhosts
129.151.254.123: 9 vhosts
143.244.212.63: 8 vhosts
2a01:4f8:c17:20f1::42: 8 vhosts
2a03:6000:6f67:624::99: 8 vhosts
46.23.94.99: 8 vhosts
81.187.234.86: 8 vhosts
23.88.35.144: 8 vhosts
2001:8b0:1d97:eeca:3da5:94ce:b61e:ee69: 8 vhosts
2604:a880:4:1d0::4e1:3000: 8 vhosts
64.226.23.78: 7 vhosts

TLDs

There are 262 TLDs in the capsule's names, and 2098 registered domains.

Most common TLDs

# By number of registered domains

com: 318 domains
net: 195 domains
org: 166 domains
xyz: 147 domains
space: 95 domains
site: 72 domains
de: 63 domains
dev: 55 domains
me: 55 domains
eu: 38 domains
uk: 37 domains
fr: 36 domains
info: 29 domains
io: 29 domains
club: 24 domains
onion: 20 domains
se: 17 domains
cc: 17 domains
ru: 16 domains
online: 16 domains

# By number of capsules

(There's a strong bias towards TLDs which have hosting services such as flounder.online, which has many capsules in subdomains. See before the TLDs per registered domains, which are probably more useful.)